定语从句（精选17篇）
定语从句（精选17篇）
定语从句 篇1
ⅰ.选择题
1.i've read all the books you gave me.
a.which b.them c.what d.that
2.there isn't much i can do.
a.what b.which c.that d.how
3.he keeps a record of everything he had seen there.
a.he b.that c.which d.what
4.tell us about the people and the places are different from ours.
a.that b.who c.which d.whom
5.mr john said that suzhou was the first city he had visited in china.a.that b.where c.which d.what
6.the tv play i watched last night is the best one i have watched thisyear.
a.which b.what c.whose d.that
7.last sunday they reached qingdao, a conference was to be held.
a.which b.that c.when d.where
8.①is this the museum you visited the other day?
②is this museum you visited the other day?
a.that b.where c.in which d.the one
9.i began to work in beijing in the year new china was founded.
a.when b.that c.which d.where
10.this is the very film i've long wished to see.
a.which b.that c.who d.whom
11.there is no difficulty can't be overcome in the world.
a.that b.which c.who d.what
12.who is the person is standing at the gate of beijing tourism tower?
a.who b.that c.which d.whom
13.this was the supermarket i bought this kind of tin.
a.where b.that c.who d.which
14.the house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.
a.that b.where c.what d.when
15.this is the last time i shall come here to help you.
a.that b.which c.when d.what
16.the house we live is not big.
a.in that b.which c.in which d.that
17.my neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them. a.who b.that c.which d.whom
18.all glitters is not gold. a.that b.which c./ d.what
19.i now know why mao impresses everyone who meets him the way he does. a.which b.what c./ d.now
20.beijing, is the capital of china,is a beautiful city.
a.that b.it c.which d./
21.she was no longer the woman she was.
a.that b.which c.what d.who
22.that's the hotel last year.
a.which we stayed b.at that we stayed
c.where we stayed at d.where we stayed
23.the doctor did all to save the wounded boy.
a.what he could b.he could
c.everything which he could d.for which he could do
24.anyone this opinion may speak out.
a.that againsts b.that against c.who is against d.who are against
25.the place you are standing used to be an old church.
a.which b.where c.that d.when
26.you've made the same mistake you made last time.
a.as b.like c.which d.that
27.it is not such an interesting magazine i thought.
a.as b.that c.which d./
28. you know,he is a famous musician.
a.as b.which c.that d./
29.mr zhou, native language was chinese,could read and write several foreign languages. a.whose b.his c.which d.that
30.do you know the actor you saw playing hamlet is now doing king lear? a.who b.whom c.whose d.which
31.i took my friend to the summer palace, we had some photos taken.
a.where b.which c.that d./
32.do you remember the day your sister was graduated as a master of arts? a.which b.on which c.about which d./
33.the bus, was already full,was surrounded by an angry crowd.
a.which of most b.most of which c.which of the most d.most of that
34.we all remember the days we studied together at school.
a.which b.that c.when d./
35.do you know the reason he didn't come?
a.that b.which c.for d.why
36.i showed the doctor the place i felt the pain.
a.that b.which c.where d.when
37.he is the only one of the three got the new idea.
a.who have b.whom have c.who has d.whose had
38.i'm one of the students well in english in my class.
a.who does b.who do c.which does d.who did
39.this is the baby tomorrow.
a.after whom i shall look b.whom i shall look after
c.whose i shall look after d.after whom i shall look after
40.this is the fastest train is going to nanjing.
a.that b.what c.where d./
参考答案
ⅰ.
1.d 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.a 6.d
7.d 8.a,d 9.a 10.b 11.a 12.b
13.a 14.a 15.a 16.c 17.c 18.a
19.c 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c
25.b 26.a 27.a 28.a 29.a 30.b
31.a 32.b 33.b 34.c 35.d .36.c
37.c 38.b 39.b 40.a
定语从句 篇2
原创人：王萍 北大附中河南分校高一英语组
09年定语从句高考题
1. (09全国1) she brought with her three friends,none of _____i had ever met before.
a.them b.who c.whom d.these
2. (09全国2) my friend showed me round the town,_____was vey kind of him.a.which b.that c.where d.it
3. (北京)-----what do you think of teaching,bob?
-----i find it fun and challenging . it is a job ____ you are doingsomething serious but interesting.
a.where b.which c.when d.that
4. (09湖南) i was born in new orleans, louisiana,a city _____name will create a picture of beautiful trees and greengrass in our mind.
a.which b.of which c.that d.whose
5. (09湖南) gun control is a subject___-americans have argued for a long time.
a.ofwhich b.withwhich c.aboutwhich d.into which
6. (09重庆) life is like a long race _____wecompete with others to go beyond ourselves.
a.why b.what c.that d.where
7. (09山东) whenever i met her ,______ was fairlyoften, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
a.who b.which c.when d.that
8. (09福建)it’s helplful to put children in asituation ____they can see themselves differently.
a.that b.when c.which d.where
9. (09安徽) many children, ____parents are awayworking in big cities, are taken good care of in thevillage.
a.their b.whose c.of them d.with whom
10. (09天津) a person _____e-mail account is fullwon’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
a.who b.whom c.whose d.whoever
11. (09辽宁)they’ve won their last three matches,______i find a bit surprising actually.
a.that b.when c.what d.which
12 (_09浙江) i have reached a point in mylife_____i am supposed to make decisions of my own.
a.which b.where c.how d.why
13. (09四川) she’ll never forget her stay there_____she found her son who had gone missing two yearsbefore.
a.that b.which c.where d.when
14. (09江西) the house ____i grew up has beentaken down and replaced by an office building.
a.init b.in c.in that d.in which
年定语从句的高考试题
1 . ( 安徽 26) all the neighbor admire thisfamily. ________the parents are treating their child like afriend.
a. why b.where c.which d.that
2. ( 全国 2 1 6) the road conditions thereturned out to be very good, ______ was more than we couldexpect.
a. it b.what c.which d.that
3. ( 北京 28) i’ ll give you y friend’s homeaddress, ______ i can be reached most evenings.
a. which b. when c.whom d.where
4. ( 上海春季 37) villagers here depend on thefishing industry. _________ there won’t be much work
a. where b. that c. by which d. withoutwhich
5. ( 上海卷 38) we went through a period______communications were very difficult in the rural areas
.a. which b.whose c. inwhich d. withwhich
6. ( 重庆21 ) they will fly to washington,______ they plan to stay for two or three days.
a. where b. there c.which d.when
7. ( 四川 4) for many cities in the world,there is no room to spread our further, _______ new york is anexample.
a. for which b. in which c.of which d.from which
8. ( 浙江8) yesterday she sold her car,______ she bought a month ago.
a. whom b.where c.that d. which
9. ( 福建 31 ) by nine o’ clock, all theolympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, ____appeared a rare rainbow soon.
a. of which b. on which c. from which d. abovewhich
1 0. ( 湖南 31 ) the growing speed of a plantis influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond ourcontrol.
a. most of them b. mostof which c.most of what d. most of that
11 . ( 江西 35) later in this chapter caseswill be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resultedin changes in the law.
a. where b. when c.who d.which
1 2. ( 山东 26) occasions are quite rare ____i have the time to spend a day with my kids.
a. who b. which c. why d.when
1 3. ( 江苏24) the science museum,____________ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one oflondon’s tourist attractions.
a. which b. what c. that d.where
定语从句 篇3
语法专题十二 定语从句 (一)
ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. she is the girl who sings best of all.
the pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
he lives in a house whose windows face south.
the factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
ⅱ. 关系代词
1. 先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. he is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
the boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
the man ( ) you met yesterday is mr. smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . the train （ ） has just left is for guangzhou.
children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. the book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
the pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. he is the professor ( ) name was jackson.
china, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
ⅲ. 关系副词
1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. i can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
i’ll never forget the day ( ) i joined the army.
2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. this is the village （ ） uncle wang once lived.
they have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
he’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg. i don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
none of us know the reason ( ) tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。
eg. october 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the people’s republic of china was founded.
this is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago.
i don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别:
⒈ 只用that的情况
① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
eg. there is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。
eg. this is the very book ( ) i’m looking for.
③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg. the first place ( ) they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill.
this is the best film ( ) i have ever seen.
④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. he talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
eg. mr. smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg. who is the man ( ) is standing beside tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句；
eg. he had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介词 + 关系代词。
eg. this is the room in（ ） my father lived last year.
ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which)
① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
eg. this is the same book ( ) i lent you.
such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in china.
② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。
eg. ( ) i expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Chinese Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to china.
ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg. i was the only person in our office （ ） was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
tom’s father, （ ） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
ⅶ. 分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg. there is an expression in his eyes （ ）i can’t understand.
i was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
i suggest you choose someone i think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
选择填空：
1. it was april 29, prince william and kate middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
a. that b. when c. since d. before
2.)gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.
a. it b. which c. where d. that
3. between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.
a. when b. where c. that d. which
4. the old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
a. they b. where c. what d. that
5. whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
a. when b. which c. where d. while
6. english is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.
a. which b. what c. them d. those
7. a bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
a. when b. that c. where d. there
8. she has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
a. which b. where c. what d. who
9 ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a t-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
a. this b. that c. what d. which
10. she showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.
a. for which b. with which c. of which d. to which
11. the school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
a. which b. whose c. when d. where
12.he was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.
a. what; what b. what; that c. that; what d. that; that
13.the moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.
a. it b. as c. that d. what
14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
a. that b. which c. as d. it
15.after graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.
a. that b. what c. which d. where
16.the novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.
a. when b. during which c. since then d. since when
17.books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.
a. which b. who c.不填 d. that
18.the world is made up of matter.
a. in that we live b. on which we live
c. where we live in d. we live in
19.david is such a good boy all the teachers like.
a. that b. who c. as d. whom
20.is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
a. he explained b. what he explained
c. how he explained d. why he explained
21.he was very angry and i can still remember the way he spoke to me.
a. how b. that c. what d. which
22.that’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
a. that b. which c. whose d. what
23.i’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- i met in the english speech contest last year.
a. who b. where c. when d. which
定语从句 篇4
18. 定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
the package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如：
there are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
beijing is the place where（in which） i was born. 北京是我的出生地。
is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
his father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
he is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
i\'ll never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错） this is the mountain village where i visited last year.
（错） i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.
（对） this is the mountain village （which） i visited last year.
（对） i\'ll never forget the days （which） i spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
答案：例1 d，例2 a
例1变为肯定句： this museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： this is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选d。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选a。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
this is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
this is the house in which i lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
this is the house where i lived two years ago.
do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
as we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1）alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
a. it b. that c. which d. he
答案c. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）the weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
a. what b. which c. that d. it
答案b。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）it rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
a. that b. which c. as d. it
答案b. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为b。
as 的用法
例1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：
i have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'。例如：
as we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
as is known, smoking is harmful to one\'s health.
as是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1） whoever spits in public will be punished here. （whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2） the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）
18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
what you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。
whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
2） who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：
（错）who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
（对）who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3） that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。what只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
i think（that）you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
what we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
（错）the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b） 介词后不能用。例如：
we depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a） 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b） 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c） 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
all that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
定语从句 篇5
定语从句是初中阶段英语教学中的重点和难点。一直以来，不少教师在教学中都有共同的感觉：自己意会，难以言传。导致许多学生理解难﹑接受慢﹑运用死﹑效果差。为此，我在实际教学工作中，不断地反思，运用不同的方法进行尝试，通过学生提问﹑作业﹑测试的反馈信息来看，在这一方面有了较有成效的突破，现介绍如下，以供鉴赏。
一﹒复合句的实质：二句合一
任何从句在口语或书面语中都不能单独使用，因为它是充当另外一个句子﹙即主句﹚的某一句子成分的，构成主从复合句。所以，含有定语从句最基本复合句的实质是二句合一。
二.合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地
也就是说，如果某一个人或事物在第一个句子中出现，又以它含义上的名词﹑代词﹑形容词或副词形式在第二个句子中出现，具备这样的条件，我们就可以把两个句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。
三.合并方法：分三步.
留 舍 替
先 主语 人 who / that
物 which /that
行 宾语 人 who /whom /that
物 which /that
定语 人 whose
词 物 whose/ of which
状语 时间 when
地点 where
原因 why
定语从句所限定的名词或代词叫先行词.为方便起见,我们把引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词等统称为引导词，通过上述合并条件和合并方法可以看出，先行词和引导词在含义上互指。
四. 举例说明：
1.i like the girl﹙1﹚very much.. she ﹙2﹚sings and dances best in our school.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙the girl﹚，舍去
主语﹙she﹚，用引导词﹙who /that﹚来代替，于是得到：i like the girl who /that sings and
dances best in our school very much .
2.this is the place ﹙1﹚.we visited it﹙2﹚ with our friends last week.
释:﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙the place﹚，舍去宾语﹙it﹚,用引导词﹙which/that﹚来代替或省略，于是得到：this is the place ﹙which/that﹚we visited with our friends last week
3.that is a problem﹙1﹚. it can be worked out in three ways﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙problem﹚，舍去主语﹙
it﹚,用引导词﹙that/which﹚来代替,于是得到：that is a problem that/which can be worked out
in three ways .
4.the manager﹙1﹚ will give some many to the village to build a school. i mentioned him ﹙2﹚to you a few days ago .
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙the manager﹚,舍去宾语﹙him﹚，用引导词﹙who/whom /that﹚来代替或省略，于是得到：the manager﹙who/whom/that﹚i mentioned to you a few days ago will give some money to the village to build
a school.
5.can you tell me something about the man﹙1﹚. you had a talk with him just now﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙the man﹚，舍去介词宾语﹙him→人﹚,注意：介词后置——常用引导词﹙who/that﹚来代替或省略；介词前置——常用﹙whom﹚来代替，于是得到：①can you tell me something about the man ﹙ who/that﹚ you had a talk with just now. ②can you tell me something about the the man with whom you had a talk just now.
6.our hometown is a small village﹙1﹚. there is a hill in front of it﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙village﹚，舍去介词宾语﹙it→物﹚, 注意：介词后置——常用引导词﹙that﹚来代替或省略；介词前置——常用﹙which﹚来代替,于是得到：①.our hometown is a small village that there is a hill in front of.
②our hometown is a small villag in front of which there is a hill.
7.i will never forget the days ﹙1﹚.i lived and studied with my classmates at college in the days﹙2﹚.
释：﹙1﹚和﹙2﹚在含义上互指，符合合并条件，保留先行词﹙the days﹚，舍去介词宾语﹙the days﹚, 注意：介词后置——常用引导词﹙that﹚来代替或省略；介词前置——常用﹙which﹚来代替; 舍去时间壮语﹙in the days﹚, 用引导词﹙when﹚来代替, 于是得到：
①. i will never forget the days that i lived and studied with my classmates at college in.
②.i will never forget the days in which i lived and studied with my classmates at college .
③. i will never forget the days when i lived and studied with my classmates at college .
五：原理运用：要求逆向思维
汉译英：分三步﹙先分——后译——再合﹚
例：我们昨天参观的那个工厂是去年建的
⑴. 分：那个工厂是去年建的。 我们昨天参观它。
⑵.译：the factory was built last year. we visited it yesterday.
⑶.合：the factory﹙which /that﹚ we visited yesterday was built last year
英译汉：含有定语从句最基本复合句的实质是二句合一，先行词和引导词在含义上互指。既可合译又可分译。
例1：i like making friends who are like me. ﹙我喜欢交像我一样的朋友﹚
例2：there is a factory pouring waste water into the river in which the water can not be used for drinking and all fish have disappeared. ﹙有一家工厂在向这条河里倾注废水，在这条河里，水已不能用来饮用，而且所有鱼已消失。the river与 which互指﹚。
六.注意事项
1.主谓一致：当引导词作定语从句的主语时，因先行词与引导词在含以上互指，所以定语从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致；当引导词不作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式与直接的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
例1.they are the students who are from japan.
例2. they are the students who the teacher likes best.
2.须“that”引导：在初中阶段，定语从句必须用“that”引导的情形主要有一下几种：
⑴.先行词是不定代词 例：this is all that i need.
⑵.先行词被最高级修饰 例：he is the best student that i have taught.
⑶. 先行词被序数词修饰 例：he is the first student that got to school this morning.
⑷.先行词为人、物并列结构 例：i like the man and his dog that are from the country.
3.介词的前后置：当引导词作介词的宾语时，先行词是人，介词前置必须用whom引导，
介词后置，可用who/whom/that引导；先行词是物，介词前置必须用
which引导，介词后置，可用which/that引导.
对于学生来说，这种方法能为他们在旧知与新知之间难度跨越上搭起平台，实现新旧知识顺利衔接﹑思维能力平稳提升。
七。实际操作 练习技能 提升能力
1. don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.
a. which b. what c. as d. those
2. is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
a. that b. where c. in which d. the one
3. is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last friday?
a. that b. where c. which d. the one
4. is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
a. that b. where c. which d. the one
5. the wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
a. that b. where c. in which d. in that
6. the freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
a. at which b. on that c. in which d. of what
7. this book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
a. how you have observed b. what you have observed
c. that you have observed d. how that you have observed
8. the reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
a. because b. why c. that d. whether
9. i’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
a. all which b. that c. all that d. which
10. that tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
a. whose b. of which c. in which d. on which
11. i have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
a. as b. that c. which d. what
12. he failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
a. which b. it c. that d. what
13. we’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.
a. which b. whom c. who d. that
14. the girl __________ an english song in the next room is tom’s sister.
a. who is singing b. is singing c. sang d. was singing
15. those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
a. learn b. who c. that learns d. who learn
16. anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.
a. that against b. that against c. who is against d. who are against
17. didn’t you see the man __________?
a. i nodded just now b. whom i nodded just now
c. i nodded to him just now d. i nodded to just now
18. can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?
a. that you talked b. you talked about it
c. which you talked with d. you talked about
19. is there anything __________ to you?
a. that is belonged b. that belongs
c. that belong d. which belongs
20. ---- “how do you like the book?”
---- “it’s quite different from __________ i read last month.”
a. that b. which c. the one d. the one what
21. mr. zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.
a. the ones b. ones c. some d. the others
22. the train __________ she was travelling was late.
a. which b. where c. on which d. in that
23. he has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.
a. where b. in which c. under which d. which
24. antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
a. which b. where c. that d. about which
25. it’s the third time __________ late this month.
a. that you arrived b. when you arrived
c. that you’ve arrived d. when you’ve arrived
26. it was in 1969 __________ the american astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
a. that b. which c. when d. in which
27. may the fourth is the day __________ we chinese people will never forget.
a. which b. when c. on which d. about which
28. we are going to spend the spring festival in guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.
a. which b. that c. who d. where
29. the hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
a. we stayed at b. where we stayed at
c. we stayed d. in that we stayed
30. is it in that factory __________ “red flag” cars are produced?
a. in which b. where c. which d. that
31. it is the suez canal __________ separates asia __________ africa.
a. which, to b. where, from
c. that, from d. that, with
32. under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.
a. there b. where c. it d. which
33. he is not __________ a fool __________.
a. such, as he is looked b. such, as he looks
c. as, as he is looked d. so, as he looks
34. is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?
a. which b. what c. why d. for that
35. he must be from africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.
a. that b. as c. who d. what
36. he has two sons, __________ work as chemists.
a. two of whom b. both of whom
c. both of which d. all of whom
37. i, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
a. who is b. who am c. that is d. what is
38. he is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.
a. who b. that c. from which d. from whom
39. ---- do you know the town at all?
--- no, this is the first time i __________ here.
a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming
40. i don’t like __________ you speak to her.
a. the way b. the way in that
c. the way which d. the way of which
41. the two things __________ they felt very proud are jim’s gold watch and della’s hair.
a. about which b. of which
c. in which d. for which
42. the dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.
a. would have b. have had
c. had never had d. had ever had
43. do you know which hotel __________?
a. she is staying b. she is staying in
c. is she staying d. is she staying in
44. there is only one thing __________ i can do.
a. what b. that c . all d. which
45. who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?
a. which b. that c. where d. in that
46. i have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.
a. them b. that c. which d. those
47. they were interested __________ you told them.
a. in which b. in that
c. all that d. in everything
48. the astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.
a. which we think it is b. which we think are of
c. of which we think is d. i think which is of
49. the great day we looked forward to __________ at last.
a. come b. came c. coming d. comes
50. i like the second football match __________ was held last week.
a. which b. who c. that d. /
参考答案：
1—5 aadba 6—10 abcca 11—15 aadad
16—20 cddbc 21—25 acbdc 26—30 aadad
31—35 cabcb 36—40 bbdba 41—45 bdbbc
46—50 cdbbc
定语从句 篇6
XX年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分：定语从句（新人教版）
1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。
例如：harry potter is the most interesting novel that i have read. (that i have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。)
关系词指代人或物以及在定语从句中充当的成分
关系词 指代人或物 定语从句中充当的成分
关系
代词 that[ ] 人或物[ ] 主语、宾语、[ ][ ]
表语或状语
which 物或主句内容 主语、宾语或定语
who 人 主语或宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物或主句内容 主语或宾语
关系
副词 when 时间 状语
where 地点 状语
why 原因 状语
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
his brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
his brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
一、关系代词的使用
【例句观察】
①she is the woman (whom / that / who)i wanted to see yesterday.
她是我昨天想看的那个女的。
②the package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你扛着的包裹马上要拆开。
③obama won the nobel prize for peace in the year , which we hadn't expected.
obama在XX年得诺贝尔和平奖是大家都没想到的。
④your parents are the ones to whom you can turn when you are in trouble.
你父母是你困难时可以求助的人。
【例句分析】
①whom / that / who指人，在限制性定语从句中作wanted to see的宾语，可以省略。
②which / that指物，在限制性定语从句中作are carrying的宾语，可以省略。
③which指前面主句内容，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，但不能省略。
④whom前有介词to，虽然作宾语，但不能省略。
【结论1】关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省。
【完成例句】
(1)我，你的好朋友，当你陷入困境的时候会帮你的。
i, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
(2) 《哈利•波特》是最受青少年欢迎的畅销书之一。
harry potter is one of the best－sellers that are popular with teenagers.
《哈利•波特》是唯一一本让作者成为亿万富翁的畅销书。harry potter is the only one of the best－sellers that makes the author a billionaire.
(3)他通过了考试，这使我们很惊讶。
he has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.
众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。
great changes have taken place in china, as is known to all.
(4)每家有台电视,30年前我们认为是不可能的，现在实现了。
to own a tv set in each family, which we think was impossible 30 years ago, now has become true.
【结论2】定语从句中的主谓一致问题
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(2) one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 复数动词；而the only one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 单数动词。
(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。
【完成例句】
(5)所有能做的都做了。
all that can be done has been done.
(6)这就是我想要买的电影。
this is the very dictionary that i want to buy.
(7)他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
the first place that they visited in london was the big ben.
(8)站在那儿的是谁？
who is the man that is standing there?
(9) they have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.
他们创立了一家环保公司。
(10)杭州不再是过去的杭州了。
hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.
【结论3】指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：
①当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词时，只用that。
②当先行词被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修饰时，只用that。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。
④当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that。
⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。
⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that。
【完成例句】
(11)那棵四百年的老树很有名。
the tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
(12)我们自给自足。
we depend on the land from which we get our food.
(13)这本书是关于我们要去参观的那座有名的建筑吗？
is this the book that refers to the famous building which we will go to visit?
【结论4】只能用 which的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。
②介词后只用which，且不能省略。
③有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。
【完成例句】
(14)有人愿意帮助受伤的人吗？
is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?
(15)这就是那位帮助在事故中受伤的人的医生吗？
is this the doctor that helped the people who were injured in the accident?
【结论5】指人时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况：
①当先行词是anyone, those时，只用who。
②有两个定语从句皆指人时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。
【完成例句】
(16)那个门破了的教室在二楼。
the classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 【结论6】whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose ＋ 名词＝ of which ＋名词 ＝ 名词＋ of which。
【完成例句】
(17)我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。
① as we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
太阳照射地球，这对我们是很重要的。
②the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
(18)①她和她妹妹穿一样的衣服。
she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
②这不是我们想到的那所房子。
this house is not such as i expect.
(19)就像我们指出的那样，这种物质是有毒的。
as was pointed out, this kind of substance is poisonous.
【结论7】关系代词as和which
在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以在插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”。
②as常用于以下固定搭配中：the same＋名词＋as “和……同样的”，such＋名词＋as“像……一样的，像……之类的”，…such as…“这样的人 / 物”。(such为代词，作先行词； as在从句中作宾语)
③在以下结构中，一般也用as:
as (it)appears, as (it)seems, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out / said / reported / announced, as (it)was said earlier, as i remember (it), as is well－known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。
【完成例句】
(20)这就是我一直在找的书。
this is the book which / that / 不填i am looking for.
(21)他深爱对他慈爱的父母。
he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
＝he loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
(22)我没有足够的钱去买那条昂贵的裙子。
i don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.
(23)从1998年到XX年mike在这所大学学习，在此期间，他学习很努力并当选为学生会主席。
mike studied at the university from 1998 to , during which time he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students' union.
【结论8】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。
①某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。
②“介词＋关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后。
③介词＋which / whom＋to do结构。这种结构可以改为：介词＋which / whom＋定语从句。
④在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词＋which ＋名词”结构，相当于and in / at / during this / that＋名词。
二、关系副词的使用
【完成例句】
(24)我仍然记得我们第一次上学的那天。
i still remember the day when / on which we first came to the school.
(25)十年前我住的房子已经被推倒了。
the house where / in which i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
(26)我不知道他今天看起来不高兴的原因。
i don't know the reason why / for which he looks unhappy today.
【结论1】关系副词的分类和作用
①when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when＝表示时间的介词(in / at / on / during…)＋which。
②where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where＝表示地点的介词(in / at / on / under…)＋which。
③why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语， why＝表示原因的介词(for)＋which。
【翻译句子】
(27)他回答这个问题的方式是令人惊讶的。
the way in which / that / 不填he answered the question was surprising.
(28) the way which / that he explained to us was quite simple.
【结论2】在以the way为先行词的定语从句中，若the way 在从句中充当状语，则通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。若the way 在从句中充当宾语，则通常由which或that引导。
【完成例句】
(29)中国是风筝的起源地，并从那里传播到日本、韩国、泰国和印度。
china is the birth place of kites, from where kites spread to japan, korea, thailand and india.
【结论3】有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where / when前加上介词to, from等。
【疑难】
there is one point that we must insist on.
有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为：we must insist on the point，所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that / which或省略。)
we're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。 (定语从句可还原为：at the point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where / at which。)
【疑难剖析】一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that / which，作状语用where / when / 介词＋which。
三、关系代 / 副词的选择技巧
【完成例句】
(30)我会记住我们一起度过的日子。
i will remember the days that / which / 省略 we spent together.
(根据把定语从句还原成we spent the days together，判断出the days作spent的宾语)
(31) 6月7日是我们开始高考的日子。
june 7 is the day when / on which we begin to take the college entrance examination.
(根据把定语从句还原成we begin to take the college entrance examination on the day，判断出on the day作状语。)
(32 )这是他工作过XX年的地方。
this is the place where / in which he worked for ten years.
(根据把定语从句还原成he worked in the place for ten years，判断出in the place作状语。)
【结论】
①用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它做什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。
②一般说来，作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词或介词＋which；作定语时，用whose。
四、定语从句和其他句型之间的关系
【例句观察】
he is such a good boy that everyone likes him. (不缺句子成分，that引导结果状语从句)
他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。
he is such a good boy as everyone likes. (likes缺宾语，用as充当并引导定语从句)
他是一个大家都喜欢的男孩。
the great white shark is so fierce a fish as eats most of the others. (as充当eats的主语，并引导定语从句)
大白鲨是大多数鱼都吃的一种凶狠的鱼。
【结论】区别such / so…as…引导的定语从句和such / so…that…引导的结果状语从句判断用that还是as, 只要看从句的结构是否完整即可。如果从句缺了主语或宾语就是定语从句；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句。
【疑难1】区别非限制性定语从句与并列句
— he wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.
— it's the same with his wife. she wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.
a. these; them b. which; which
c. those; which d. which; them
【疑难剖析1】此题应选 d。很容易误选a、b。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of…没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句，所以其后填which)，而后面一句的none of…前有一并列连词but (说明它与前面一句构成并列句，所以其后填them)。
【疑难2】区别定语从句与名词性从句
①as is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.
②it is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.
③that the moon travels around the earth is known to all.
④what is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.
【疑难剖析2】
①as引导非限制性定语从句；
②it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；
③that引导主语从句；
④what引导主语从句， that引导表语从句。
【疑难3】区别定语从句与地点状语从句
①when you read the book, you'd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.
②when you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have any questions.
③please put the book in the place where you got it.
④please put the book where you got it.
【疑难剖析3】①定语从句修饰place; ②地点状语从句；③定语从句修饰place；④地点状语从句。
【疑难4】区别定语从句与强调句、状语从句
①it was this small village (that / which) we got to know each other.
②it was in this small village that we got to know each other.
③it was 1914 when the war broke out.
④it was in 1914 that the war broke out.
⑤it was 1914, when the war broke out.
【疑难剖析4】①定语从句；②强调句；③时间状语从句；④强调句；⑤非限制性定语从句。
【疑难5】定语从句中含有插入语
①he made another wonderful discovery, which i think is of great importance to science.
②the chinese government has decided to develop the west of china, which, i dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life.
【疑难剖析5】①i think作插入语；②i dare say作插入语。
定语从句 篇7
时间： 09__年__10_月__13__日 星期_二__ 北大附中河南分校 王萍
学习目标：
teaching aims:
1. help ss to understand what attributive clause is and itsfunction.
2. help ss to use “who, whom, that, which, whose, when, where”in attributive clauseproperly.
学习难点：
distinguish the relative pronouns and relative adverb “who,whom, that, which, whose, when,where” .
预见性问题：
1. distinguish the relative pronouns and relative adverb
2. find the key words
教学方法：
discussing in groups , students’explaination
教学过程：
step 1 greeting and show time ( 3分钟)
greeting everyone as uaual
show time then common it by students
step 2 review the grammar (3分钟)
ask some students write the grammar’spoints
step 3 explaning grammar
1 doing exercises by studens(10分钟)
2 find out the puzzle then explaned bystudents
3. write the number of puzzle on theblackboard
学生代表讲解（15分钟）
教师精讲拓展（15分钟）
1. dorothy was always speaking highly of her rolein the play, ________,of course , made the othersunhappy. （全国）
a.who b.which c.this d.what
2. the result of the experiment was very good,_____ we hadn't expected. （北京春季）
a. when b. that c. which d.what
3. it was an exciting moment for these footballfans this year, ________ for the first time in years their team wonthe world cup. （北京春季）
a. that b. while c. which d.when
4. the film brought the hours back to me_________ iwas taken good care of in that far-away village. （01全国）
a.until b.that c.when d.where
5. _________is known to everybody, the moon travelsround the earth once every month. （01全国）
a.it b.as c. that d.what
6. john said he’d been working in the office for anhour, _______ was true. （01北京春季）
a.he b.this c.which d.who
7. we will be shown around the city: schools,museums, and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go. （02北京）
a.what b.which c.where d. when
8. the famous basketball star, triedto make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. （02北京春季）
a.where b.when c.which d. who
10. — are you still thinking about yesterday’sgame?
— oh, that’s . （03北京春季）
a what makes me feel excited bwhatever ifeel excited about
c.how i feel aboutit d.when i feel excited
11. we are living in an age manythings are done on computer. （03北京春季）
a.which b.that c.whose d.when
12. anyway, that evening, ____ i’ll tell you moreabout later, i ended up staying at rachel’splace. （04浙江）
a.when b.where c.what d. which
13. ________ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan. （04江苏）
a.which b.when c. what d.as
14. george orwell, ______ was eric arthur, wrotemany political novels and essays. (04北京）
a the realname b what his realname
c his realname d whose real name
15. helen was much kinder to her youngest son thanto the others, ______, of course, made the others envyhim. （04天津）
a who bthat cwhat d which
16. i work in a business ________ almost everyoneis waiting for a great chance. （04湖南）
a. how b. which c.where d. that
17. there was time ihated to go to school. （04湖北）
a.a; that b.a; when c.the;that d.the; when
18. there are twobuildings, stands nearly a hundred feethigh. （04湖北）
a.the larger b.the larger of them
c.the larger one that d.the larger of which
19. the factory produces half a million pairs ofshoes every year,80% are sold abroad. （04辽宁）
a.of which b.which of c.of them d.of that
23. if a shop has chairs ________ women can parktheir men, women will spend more time in the shop. （05上海卷）
a. that b.which c.when d. where
26. i walked in our garden, _______ tom and jimwere tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （05辽宁卷）
a.which b.when c.where d.that
27. do you still remember the chicken farm ________we visited three months ago? （05北京春季）
a. where b. when c. that d. what
28 she bought with he thee fiends, none of_____ i had eve metbefore.
(09全国Ⅰ)
athem bwho cwhom d these
29 my fiend showed me round the town,_______ was very kind ofhim.
(09全国二卷)
a.which b.that c.where dit
30 gun contol is a subject ameicanshave argued for a long time.
（09陕西）
a.ofwhich b.with which c.aboutwhich dinto which
31.life is like alongrace we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.（09重庆）
a.why b.what c.that d.where
32.whenever i mether, was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.（09山东）
a.who b.which c.when d.that
33.i travel to the binhai new area by light railway everyday, do many businessmen who live in downtown tianjin. (09天津)
a.as b.which c.when d.though
step 4 assesment and homework（1分钟）
选出优秀小组和个人以资鼓励
record after teaching:
定语从句 篇8
1. jinan is no longer the city that it used to be. __________
2. jinan is no longer what it used to be. __________
3. jinan is no longer the same city as it used to be. __________.
4. it is well known that the earth is round. __________
5. as is well known, the earth is round. __________
6. it was on oct.1st that the new china was founded. __________
7. it was oct.1st when the new china was founded. __________
8. this is such an interesting book that everybody likes to read it. __________
9. this is such an interesting book as everybody likes to read. __________
10. he found the book that he had lost the day before. __________
11. he found the book where he had lost it the day before. __________
12. the mother is always telling her child to study hard, which doesn’t help at all. __________
13. the mother is always telling her child to study hard and that doesn’t help at all. __________
14. the news that he told us surprised us all. __________
15. the news that he got killed in the race surprised us all. __________[来源：高考%资源网 ks%5u]
易混从句对比练习
1. a. ①the young man found the gold watch _______he lost.
c. ②the young man found the gold watch _______he lost it.
a. that b. in which c. where d. there
2. d. ①the company and the effect _______ brought about did great good to our business in western countries.
a. ②the company and the effect _______ it brought about did great good to our business in western countries.
a. that b. what c. to which d. it
3. a. ①use your own mind. never be ready to believe anything _______ other people believe.
c. ②use your own mind. never be ready to believe anything _______ other people believe it.
a. that b. which c. because d. when
4. d. ①is this museum_______ they visited yesterday?
a. ②is this the museum_______ they visited yesterday?
b. ③is this the museum_______ they visited some ancient weapons yesterday?
a. that b. where c. one d. the one
5. a. ①next month, ______ you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming.
c. ②next month, ______ you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.
a. that b. which c. when d. where
6. c. ①yesterday our chemistry teacher asked so difficult a question ________ puzzled all of us.
a. ②yesterday our chemistry teacher asked so difficult a question ________ it puzzled all of us.
a. that b. which c. as d. what
7. b. ①this is one of the best films _______this year.
c. ②this is the one of the best films _______this year.
a. have been shown b. that have been shown c. that has been shown d. which has been shown
8. c. ①_______, paper was first made in china.
a. ②_______that paper was first made in china.
b. ③_______is that paper was first made in china.
a. it is known to us all b. what is known to us all
c. as is known to us all d. that is known to us all
9. a. ①when christopher columbus reached the place _______ is now the usa, he called the people of the new world “indians”. [来源：高考%资源网 ks%5u]
d. ②when christopher columbus reached _______is now the usa, he called the people of the new world “indians”.
a. which b. where c. there d. what
10. b. ①the town is no longer the one_______ it was 10 years ago, _______ it was quite dirty.
d. ②the town is no longer ______ it was 10 years ago； _______ it was quite dirty.
b. ③the town is no longer the same _______ it was 10 years ago, _______ it was quite dirty.
a. that; then b. as; when c. that; when d. what; then
11. c. ①this is the very way_______ he did the experiment.
c. ②this is the very way_______ he told me yesterday.
a. ③this is _______ he did the experiment.
a. how b. by which c. that d. which
12. d. ①the reason _______ he failed was that he hadn’t taken my advice.
b. ②the reason for _______ he failed was that he hadn’t taken my advice.
a. ③the only reason _______ he could give us was that he failed to catch the bus.
a. that b. which c. because d. why
13. c. ①you should put the dictionary _______ you could find it easily.
c. ②you should put the dictionary on the desk_______ you can find it easily.
a. which b. in which c. where d. there
14. c. ①it is the house_______ i met the young man.
a. ②it was in the house_______ i met the young man.
a. that b. which c. where d. there
15. c. ①it was 7:00_______ i arrived in beijing.
a. ②it was at 7:00_______ i arrived in beijing.
a. that b. which c. when d. on which
16. a. ①he said nothing_______ made me angry
b. ②he said nothing, _______ made me angry
c. ③he said nothing, _______ had been expected.
a. that b. which c. as d. it
17. a. ①the chicago bulls used to be made up of the best basketball players in the states, _______ are black americans.
b. ②the chicago bulls used to be made up of the best basketball players in the states, _______ black americans.
b. ③the chicago bulls used to be made up of the best basketball players in the states, and_______ are black americans.
a. most of whom b. most of them c. most of which d. most of it
18. c. ①—why did he say so?
—sorry, i don’t understand _______ he said.
b. ②—why did he say so?
—sorry, i don’t understand _______ he said means
a. all what b. what all c. all that d. that all
19. c. ①computers must be of great use to ________ do the scientific research.
a. ②computers must be of great use to ________ doing the scientific research.
a. those b. who c. those who d. whomever
20. b. ①you can use a larger plastic battle, _______ is cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.
d. ②you can use a larger plastic battle, _______ cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.
a. the top b. whose top c. whose the top d. with its top
1ac2.da 3.ac 4.dab 5.bc.6ca.7bc8cab9ad 10cdb11.cca 12.dba.13 cc14.ca.15ca 16abc.17abb.18cb 19ca20bd
定语从句 篇9
语法复习四：定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. she is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
the comrade with whom i came knows french.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. i was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
the first place that they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
this is the best film that i have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
mr smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. he had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
this is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. i want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。
e.g. as i expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. he made a long speech, as we expected.
he made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. the man who lives downstairs speaks english fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. there is an expression in his eyes that i can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
e.g. october 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the people’s republic of china was founded.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. the sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. the man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
练习、定语从句
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. the fan is on the desk. you want it.
2. the man is in the next room. he brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. the magazine is mine. he has taken it away.
4. the students will not pass the exam . they don’t study hard.
5. the woman is our geography teacher. you saw her in the park.
6. the letter is from my sister. i received it yesterday.
7. the play was wonderful. we saw it last night.
8. the train was late. it was going to nanning.
9. the boy is my brother. he was here a minute ago.
10. the tree is quite tall. he is climbing it.
11. here is the girl. her brother works in this shop.
12. that’s the child. we were looking at his drawing just now.
13. this is the boy. his sister is a famous singer.
14. i want to talk to the boys. their homework haven’t been handed in.
15. is that the woman? her daughter is in my class.
16. he used to live in a big house. in front of it grew many banana trees.
17. they passed a factory. at the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. the soldier ran to the building. on the top of it flew a flag.
19. in the evening they arrived at a hill. at the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. she came into a big room. in the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1. the person ________ ________ i spoke just now is the manager that i told you about.
2. the pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. wu dong, ________ ________ i went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. the two things ________ ________ marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of english.
5. her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. the stories about the long march, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、选择填空：
1. the man ____ visited our school yesterday is from london.
a. who b. which c. whom d. when
2. the woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
a. whose b. who c. whom d. which
3. because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
a. that b. which c. what d. as
4. do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
a. when b. where c. which d. who
5. tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
a. which b. that c. whom d. as
6. those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
a. whom b. which c. who d. when
7. where is the man ____ i met this morning?
a. when b. where c. which d. who
8. who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
a. who b. / c. that d. when
9. the man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
a. who b. whom c. to whom d. to who
10. the man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
a. with whom b. when c. to whom d. which
11. the doctor ____ is leaving for africa next month.
a. the nurse is talking to him b. whom the nurse is talking
c. the nurse is talking to d. who the nurse is talking
12. the man ____ around our school is from america.
a. which you showed b. you showed him c. you showed d. where you showed
13. he talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
a. of whom b. from whom c. about that d. who
14. in fact the swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in french.
a. where b. who c. in which d. which
15. have you read the book ____ i lent to you?
a. that b. whom c. when d. whose
16. finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
a. that b. which c. whatever d. all
17. the foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
a. most of them b. most of that c. most of whom d. most of those
18. this is the very letter ____came last night.
a. who b. which c. that d. as
19. i know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than i.
a. whoever b. whomever c. anyone d. the one
20. this is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
a. where b. / c. when d. what
21. this is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
a. where b. that c. which d. on which
22. nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
a. which b. in which c. that d. /
23. jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
a. that, what b. what, that c. which, what d. that, which
24. do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
a. that b. which c. its d. whose
25. in the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
a. whom b. who c. to whom d. form whom
26. is this school ____ we visited three years ago?
a. the one b. which c. that d. where
27. is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
a. the one b. where c. in which d. /
28, how many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
a. whose b. who c. whom d. which
29. alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
a. it b. which c. that d. he
30. the train was crowded and i had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
a. when there were b. which there were c. that there were d. where there were
31. i live in the house ____ windows face south.
a. which b. whose c. where d. in that
32. ---- what game is popular with them? ---- the ____ most is tennis.
a. game they like it b. game they like c. best game they like d. best game they like it
33. they stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine i had.
a. which b. which time c. during which time d. during which
34. the room ____ mr white lives is not very large.
a. that b. which c. where d. when
35. don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the youth league.
a. when b. that c. at which d. where
36. i’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
a. that b. what c. which d. when
37. he returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
a. which b. as c. that d. it
38. ____ we is known to all, english is not very difficult to learn.
a. what b. as c. that d. which
39. the old man had three sons, all of ____ died during world war ⅱ.
a. whose b. that c. whom d. who
40. i have bought two pens, ____ write well.
a. none of which b. neither of which c. both of which d. all of which
41. do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
a. why b. which c. for that d. of which
42. he failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
a. which b. what c. it d. that
43. during the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
a. following b. followed c. to follow d. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
a. it b. which c. as d. that
45. he studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
a. that was what b. what was that c. and which was d. which was what
46. we should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
a. when b. as c. whose d. what
47. you must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
a. when b. as c. whose d. what
48. he is absent ____ is often the case.
a. what b. which c. who d. as
49. it is the first time ____ i have come to your city.
a. that b. which c. what d. when
50. who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
a. who b. that c. whom d. which
51. i shall never forget those years ____ i lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
a. that, which b. when, which c. which, that d. when, who
52. this is the only book ____ i can find.
a. that b. which c. it d. with which
53. i don’t like ____ you speak to her.
a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which
54. that is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
a. is b. are c. has d. have
55. this is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
a. is b. are c. has d. have
56. there was ____ to prevent the accident.
a. something could do b. anything we could do
c. nothing we couldn’t do d. nothing we could do
参考答案
语法复习四：定语从句
一、1. the fan that you want is on the desk. 2. the man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. the magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. the students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. the woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. the letter i received yesterday is from my sister. 7. the play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. the train which was going to nanning was late. 9. the boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. the tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. that’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. this is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. i want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in. 15. is that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. he used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 17. they passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. the soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. in the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. she came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.
二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which
三、1~5 abacd 6~10 cdcca 11~15 ccada 16~20 accab 21~25 abbdc
26~30 adabd 31~35 bbdca 36~40 cabcc 41~45 aadcd 46~50 bbdab
定语从句 篇10
考点9定语从句
1.主要考查的知识点：
(1)关系词的选用
(2)关系词前加介词等的用法
(3)定语从句的时态
(4)非限制性定语从句的用法
2.复习重点：
(1)关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。
(2)掌握只能用that引导定语从句的情形。
(3)掌握介词加关系代词的用法。
(4)掌握as和which引导非限制性定语从句的用法。
3.应对方法：
解题时，首先要确定先行词，根据先行词在从句中所作的句子成分来判断该用关系代词还是副词，并且确定具体用哪个关系词。如果从句中谓语动词为不及物动词，应考虑关系代词前该不该加介词。
定义
1.定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as等；关系副词：where,when,why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。如：
harrypotteristhemostinterestingnovelthatihaveread.
分析：thatihaveread是定语从句；novel是先行词；that是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作haveread的宾语。
关系词 指代人或物 定语从句中充当的成分
关系代词 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物或主句内容 主语、宾语或定语
who 人 主语或宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物或主句内容 主语或宾语
关系副词 when 时间 状语
where 地点 状语
why 原因 状语
4.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
hisbrotherwhoisnowalawyeralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
hisbrother,whoisnowalawyer,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
(1)sheisthewoman(whom/that/who)iwantedtoseeyesterday.
(2)i,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.
(3)harrypotterisoneofthebestsellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.
harrypotteristheonlyoneofthebestsellers
thatmakestheauthorabillionaire.
1.关系代词的使用
(4)greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchina,asisknowntoall.
(5)toownatvsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible20yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.
(6)allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(7)thisistheverydictionarythatiwanttobuy.
(8)thefirstplacethattheyvisitedinlondonwasthebigben.
1.关系代词的使用
(9)canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
(10)whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(11)theyhavesetupacompany,whichdealswiththethingsthatarerelatedtoenvironmentprotection.
(12)hangzhouisnomorethecitythatitusedtobe.
(13)thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
1.关系代词的使用
(14)wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
(15)isthereanyonewhoisreadytohelptheinjuredperson?
(16)theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.
(17)asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
(18)thishouseisnotsuchasiexpect.(such为代词，作先行词；as在从句中作宾语)
1.关系代词的使用
(19)aswaspointedout,thiskindofsubstanceispoisonous.
(20)thisisthebook(which/that)iamlookingfor.
(21)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.＝helovedhisparentsdeeply,ofwhombothareverykindtohim.
1.关系代词的使用
(22)idon'thaveenoughmoneywithwhichtobuysuchanexpensivedress.＝idon'thaveenoughmoneywithwhichicanbuysuchanexpensivedress.
(23)mikewasastudentattheuniversityfrom1998to,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanofthestudents'union.
1.关系代词的使用
规则1：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省，如：(1)。
规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致问题
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致，如：(2)。
(2)oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词；而theonlyoneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词，如：(3)。
(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，如：(4)。
(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代，如：(5)。
规则3：指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,theone,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代词时，如：(6)。
(2)当先行词被theonly,thevery,all,much,few,any,little,no修饰时，如：(7)。
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，如：(8)。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时，如：(9)。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that，如：(10)。
(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个则用that，如：(11)。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that，如：(12)。
规则4：指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用which的情况：
(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时，如：(13)。
(2)介词后，如：(14)。
(3)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。
规则5：指人时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况：
(1)当先行词是anyone,those时，如：(15)。
(2)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。
规则6：whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋ofwhich＝ofwhich＋名词，如：(16)。
规则7：关系代词as和which
在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。二者的区别主要在于：
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”，如：(17)。
(2)主句中出现thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：(18)。
【注意】当先行词由thesame修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的意思不同：that表示同一个，as表示同一类。
(3)在以下结构中，一般也用as:as(it)appears,as(it)seemslikely,as(it)oftenhappens,as(it)waspointedout/said/reported/announced,as(it)wassaidearlier,asiremember(it),asiswellknown,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee等，如：(19)。
规则8：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。
(1)某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,carefor等，如：(20)。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后，如：(21)。
(3)介词＋which/whom＋todo结构。这种结构可以改为：介词＋which/whom＋定语从句，如：(22)。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词＋which＋名词”结构，相当于andin/at/duringthis/that＋名词，如：(23)。
2.关系副词的使用
(1)istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichifirstcametotheschool.
(2)thehousewhere/inwhichilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
(3)idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhelooksunhappytoday.
(4)theway(inwhich/that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
(5)chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekitesspreadtojapan,korea,thailandandindia.
规则1：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when＝表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during…)＋which，如：(1)。
规则2：where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where＝表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)＋which，如：(2)。
规则3：why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，why＝表示原因的介词(for)＋which，如：(3)。
规则4：以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略，如：(4)。
【注意】
theway(which/that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(which/that在从句中充当宾语成分)
规则5：有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to,from等，如：(5)。
【注意】
一些特殊的先行词如situation,point,case,activity，scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that/which；作状语时，用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”。
thereisonepoint(that/which)wemustinsiston.
有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为：wemustinsistonthepoint,所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which或省略。)
we'rejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。(定语从句可还原为：atapointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk,故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where/atwhich。)
3.关系代词/关系副词的选择
用适当的连接词填空
(1)iwillrememberthedaysthatwespenttogether.
(2)june7isthedaywhenwebegintotakethecollegeentranceexamination.
(3)thisistheplacethatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.
(4)thisistheplacewhereheworkedfortenyears.
规则1：用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它作什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。
规则2：一般说来，作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词或介词＋which；作定语时，用whose。
4.定语从句和其他句型之间的区别
用适当的连接词填空
(1)heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.
(2)heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.
(3)hesaidnothingthatmademeangry.
(4)hesaidnothing,whichmademeangry.
(5)hesaidnothing,andthatmademeangry.
(6)asisknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearth.
4.定语从句和其他句型之间的区别
(7)newscamethatourclasshadwonthegame.
(8)whatisknowntoallisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.
(9)idon'tknowthereasonhowhehasworkedouttheproblem.
(10)whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.
4.定语从句和其他句型之间的区别
(11)whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
(12)itwasasmallvillage(that/which)weknowfrommyfather.
(13)itwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.
规则1：区别such…as…/so…as…引导的定语从句和such/so…that…引导的结果状语从句
如果从句缺少主语或宾语就是定语从句，连接词用as，如：(2)；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句，连接词用that，如：(1)。
规则2：区别非限制性定语从句与并列句
定语从句与主句之间用关系词连接，如：(4)；并列句之间用并列连词，如：(5)。
规则3：定语从句与名词性从句
定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，如：(6)；而名词性从句中的连词that在从句中不作任何成分，如：(7)；疑问代词what及疑问副词how可连接名词性从句，但不能引导定语从句，如：(8)、(9)。
规则4：定语从句与地点状语从句
关系副词引导定语从句时，其前面必须有时间、地点、原因等先行词，如：(10)；而疑问副词连接状语从句时，其前面没有，如：(11)。
规则5：定语从句与强调句、状语从句
that在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，如：(12)；而强调句型中不作任何成分，但不能省，如：(13)；在结果状语从句中that也只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。
定语从句 篇11
（一）关系代词与关系副词的选用原则
1.关系代词
(北京) women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.
a. who; / b. /; who c. who; who d. / ; /
(北京春) do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited three months ago.
a. where b. when c. that d. what
(汇编) he’s been sent to the place _____ needs him most.
a. where b. that c. what d. it
(福建) look out! don’t get too close to the house ____ roof is under repair.
a. whose b. which c. of which d. that
(陕西）the man pulled out a gold watch, _____ were made of small diamonds.
a.the hands of whom b.whom the hands of c.which the hands of d.the hands of which
2.关系副词
( 北京) we are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.
a. which b. that c. whose d. when
(山东）occasions are quite rare ______ i have the time to spend a day with my kids.
a. who b. which c. why d. when
(福建) ---is that small town you often refer to?
---right, just the one _____ you know i used to work for years.
a. that b. which c. where d. what
(福建) the village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.
a. when b. which c. that d. where
(安徽) all the neighbor admire this family _____the parents are treating their child like a friend.
a. why b. where c. which d. that
(上海春) a fast food restaurant is the place _____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
a. which b. where c. there d. what
(汇编) i would like you to give me the reason ______ you were absent from the important meeting yesterday.
a. that b. which c. why d. for that
(天津) those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____ sight matters more than hearing.
a. when b. whose c. which d. where
(汇编) i work in a business _____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
a. how b. which c. where d. that
(江西) after graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.
a. that b. what c. which d. where
(陕西) today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of english fail to use the language properly.
a. which b. as c. why d. where
(汇编) he’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
a. where b. which c. while d. why
3.关系代词与关系副词的跨越
(汇编) do you still remember the day ______ we went to visit the museum together?
a. which b. at which c. for which d. on which
(广东) many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
a. in which b. by which c. which d. that
(上海) we went through a period communication were very difficult in the rural areas.
a. which b. whose c. in which d. with which
4.介词+关系代词
(全国ⅰ) i have many friends, _____ some are businessmen.
a. of them b. from which c. who of d. of whom
(北京) we shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____ are healthy.
a. that b. which c. what d. whom
(四川) it is reported that two schools, ______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
a. they both b. which both c. both of them d. both of which
(天津) last month, part of southeast asia was struck by floods, from____ effects the people are still suffering.
a. that b. whose c. those d. what
(重庆) mark was a student at this university from 1999 to , _____ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students’ union.
a. during which time b. for which time c. during whose time d. by that time
(江苏) he was educated at the local high school, _____ he went on to beijing university.
a. after which b. after that c. in which d. in that
(汇编) david is a pleasant young man _____ you can get on very well.
a. with whom b. who c. with that d. whom
(江西) the schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _____ they are being trained.
a. in that b. for that c. in which d. for which
(重庆) human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_____ they can be controlled on purpose.
a. with which b. to which c. of which d. for which
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别意义
(翻译) her brother who/that is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
比较：her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
（三）定语从句中的特殊情形
1.只用that
(汇编) the first thing _____ you’ll have to do is to take a rest.
a. which b. that c. when d. this
(汇编) this is the only answer _____ right.
a. which we think is b. what we think it is c. that we think is d. what we think seems
(汇编) all _____ can be done has been done.
a. that b. what c. which d. of which
(汇编) they talked about the persons and things _____ they remember at school.
a. which b. in which c. where d. that
(汇编) who is the man _____ is standing by the gate?
a. who b. that c. which d. whom
2.which与as
(北京) new york, ____ last year, is a nice old city.
a. that i visited b. which i visited c. where i visited d. in which i visited
(江苏）the science museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of london’s tourist attractions.
a. which b. what c. that d. where
(浙江) i was given three books on cooking, the first ___ i really enjoyed.
a. of that b. of which c. that d. which
(上海) his movie won several awards at the film festival, __ was beyond his wildest dream.
a. which b. that c. where d. it
(汇编) edison made a lot of inventions, _____ of great importance.
a. which i think are b. which i think they are c. which i think they d.i think which are
(北京) is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
a. it b. as c. that d. what
(全国) is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
a. as b. it c. that d. what
＊比较：(汇编) _____ has been announced that we shall have another exam next week.
a. that b. as c. it d. what
(汇编) i am _____ you can imagine short enough of money.
a. which b. that c. as d. who
(汇编) he must be from africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.
a. that b. as c. who d. what
(上海春) these houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected.
a. like b. as c. that d. which
(汇编) i have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
a. as b. that c. which d. than
＊比较：(汇编) he is such a good boy _____ everyone likes him.
a. that b. which c. when d. as
3.关系词的省略
(汇编) is this village _____ you visited last year?
a. where b. that c. in which d. the one
(上海春) is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless for his work?
a. he explained b. what he explained c. how he explained d. why he explained
(1996上海) i don’t like _____ you speak to her.
a. the way in that b. the way c. the way which d. the way of which
(湖北) what surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
a. the way b. in the way that c. in the way d. the way which
＊(北京春)---did you remember to give mary the money you owed her?
---yes. i gave it to her______ i saw her.
a. while b. the moment c. suddenly d. once
＊（四）定语从句与其他语法项目的综合考查
1. 先行词与定语从句谓语动词的一致性
(汇编) i, ____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
a. who is b. who am c. that is d. what is
(汇编) “those ____ to see the new film write down your names, please”
a. want b. who c. that wants d. who want
(汇编) beihai park is one of the most beautiful parks _____ built about 300 years ago in beijing.
a. which was b. where were c. that were d. that was
(上海春) he is the only one of the students who_____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
a. is b. are c. have been d. has been
2. all that (定语从句)与 what(名词性从句)
(汇编) is _____ you want to say?
a. all that b. all what c. that all d. what all
(上海春) the thought of going back home was _____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
a. that b. all that c. all what d. which
(汇编) all ____ you said at the meeting ____ nothing to do with the problem.
a. what, have b. that, has c. which, have d. what, has
3. 定语从句和同位语从句中的that
(汇编) nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
a. why b. that c. where d. because
4. 定语从句和强调句的综合
( 山东)---- where did you get to know her?
----- it was on the farm ______ we worked.
a. that b. there c. which d. where
定语从句 篇12
unit 7 the sea
语法•剖析
关系副词引导的定语从句；引导词前有介词的定语从句
1.观察下列句子：
the place where i went last summer is the mountain tai.我去去的地方是泰山。
i remember the days when i stayed in thailand.我还记得在泰国的那些日子。
the reason why jack is so happy is that he passed the exam.杰克之所以那么高兴是因为他通过了考试。
我们已经学习了用关系代词that,which,who/whom引导的定语从句。回忆一下规则，我们可以判断，以上的三个句子不可以用这几个关系代词引导。因为，关系代词要在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，而这几个句子中，定语从句部分均不缺这两种成分，所以，应该使用关系副词 where,when 和why。显然，where的先行词应该是表示地点的名词或代词，when的先行词是表示时间的名词或代词；而why的先行词应该是表示原因的名词reason。
2.我们对上面的三个句子作些改变：
the place to which i went last summer is the mountain tai.
i remember the days in which i stayed in thailand.
the reason for which jack is so happy is that he passed the exam.
可以看出，上面的三个句子都需要代词来引导，并作介词的宾语。所以，我们要用关系代词which 或that。但是，that是不能跟在介词之后引导定语从句的。因此，这三个句子都用which来作引导词。
3.介词放在关系代词之前的注意事项：
(1)有的介词是定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果，即用什么介词由从句中的动词决定。如：
he is the boy who/whom i was talking to.他是我刚才与之交谈的男孩。
→he is the boy to whom i was talking.
(2)有的介词是根据句意添加上去的，即用什么介词由先行词决定。如：
this is the subject on which he made great progress.这就是他取得巨大进步的科目。
he employed 30 men,of whom 12 were from his hometown.他雇了30个人，其中有12个是他的老乡。
(3)定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配，一般不可拆开。如：
is this the pen that/which you are looking for?这是你在找的那枝笔吗?
the baby who/whom my sister takes care of is so lovely.我姐姐照顾的那个婴儿是如此的可爱。(4)表时间的“介词+which”=when；表地点的“介词+which”=where；表原因的“for+which”=why。
复习英语中的比较结构
1.比较结构通常有下列表现形式：
(1)表述两者或两者以上在某方面相似：as...as...
(2)表述两者或两者以上在某方面程度不同：not as...as...；more...than...
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的独特或独一无二：the most+adj.如：
mike is as tall as our p.e.teacher.麦克和体育老师一样高。
i am not as tall as mike,that is,he is taller than i.
我不如麦克高，也就是说，他比我高。
mike is the tallest boy in our class,that is,no one is taller than him.
麦克是我们班上最高的男生，就是说，没人比他更高。
2.几种特殊的比较结构：
(1)表述某人或某物在某方面无与伦比：
won’t find a more...=be the most... 如：
mick is the tallest boy in our class,that is,you wont find a taller boy here!
麦克是我们班上最高的男生，就是说，在这里，你不会见到比他更高的男生了。
(2)表述“越……就越……”：the more...,the more... 如：
the more he eats,the fatter he becomes;the fatter he becomes,the less confident he will be.
吃得越多，他就越胖；变得越胖，他就越没有自信。
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍数关系：
①倍数+as...as：是……的几倍
②倍数+more...than：比……程度强/多几倍
③倍数+the+抽象名词（表示“量度、程度”等意义的词)：是……的几倍 如：
“长江的长度是这条河的三倍”有三种表达方式：
the changjiang river is three times as long as this river.
the changjiang river is twice longer than this river.
the changjiang river is three times the length of this river.
定语从句 篇13
（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题十 定语从句
【典例精析】
1.（09天津）a person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. whoever
【解析】c 考查定语从句的用法。分析先行词和定语从句的关系发现先行词在定语从句中作定语，故选c符合。
2.（09天津）i travel to the binhai new area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown tianjin.
a. as b. which c. when d. though
【解析】a 考查as连接的倒装句式。按照句意此处as有正如，正像的意思，故as符合。
3.（09陕西）gun control is a subject americans have argued for a long time.
a. of which b. with which c. about which d. into which
【解析】c 考查定语从句，先行词是gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选c。
4.（09四川）she’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
a. that b. which c. where d. when
【解析】d 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。
5.（09浙江）i have reached a point in my life ______ i am supposed to make decisions of my own.
a. which b. where c. how d. why
【解析】b 考查定语从句关系副词的选择。分析句式in my life为插入成分；point为先行词，在定语从句中先行词做地点状语，意思为“我应该做出我自己决定的地方（某一点）”
6.（09北京）—what do you think of teacher ,bob？
—i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.
a. where b. which c. when d. that
【解析】a 考查定语从句用法。分析定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副词，先行词为a job，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中……，所以答案用where引导的定语从句。
7.（09福建）it’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
a. that b. when c. which d. where
【解析】d 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选d。
8.（09安徽）a good friend of mine from i was born showed up at my home right before i left for beijing.
a. how b. whom c. when d. which
【解析】c 考查定语从句用法。本题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为“就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”
9.（09安徽）many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
a. their b. whose c. of them d. with whom
【解析】b 本题考察定语从句的用法,属于较容易题.明显表达为”他们的父母”
10.（09湖南）i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
a. which b. of which c. that d. whose
【解析】d 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。
11.（09全国2 ）my friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
a. which b. that c. where d. it
【解析】a 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。
12.（09江西）6. the house i grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
a. in it b. in c. in that d. in which
【解析】b 考查定语从句。the house ( which / that i grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。
13.（09海南）7. she brought with her three friends, none of i had ever met before.
a. them b. who c. whom d. these
【解析】c。 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。
14.（09山东）8. whenever i met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
a. who b. which c. when d. that
【解析】b非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which.
【专题突破】总体做题采用还原法：即把先行词还原到定语从句里边，看一下做什么成分、指人、物；做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破，具体说：
1. 根据句子结构划出定语从句（划完后必须是两个独立的句子）。
2. 根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。
⑴如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语，则选关系代词。
⑵如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，则用关系副词。
3. 根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。
1.the english play __________ my students acted at the new year’s party was a great success.
a. for which b. at which c. in which d. on which
2. helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, __________, of course, made the others envy him.
a. who b. that c. what d. which
3. if a shop has chairs __________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
a. that b. which c. when d. where
4.women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
a. who ; 不填 b. 不填 ; who c. who ; who d. 不填; 不填
5.the beatles, ________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from liverpool.
a. what b. that c. how d. as
6. some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.
a. then b. there c. while d. where
7. the book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great charges.
a.when b.during which c.since then d.since when
8. the science museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of london’s tourist attractions.
a. which b. what c. that d. where
9. yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
a. when b. where c. that d. which
10. by nine o’clock, all the olympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, _______appeared a rare rainbow soon.
a. of which b. on which c. from which d. above which
参考答案和详解：
1.【解析】c根据句子意思需选择介词in，从而构成act in the play。关系代词在此是指english play，指物，因此选择in which。注意：如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词也就是由动词+介词构成的短语，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面。
2.【解析】d这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，且从句中行为动词made是主动语态，因此选择which。
3.【解析】d此题答案是。这里的关系副词指代on chairs，指地点，因此选择where。不要误以为chair在句中是做主语或者宾语，在做此类题时一定要结合定语从句要表达的意思，做到“瞻前顾后”。
4.【解析】c审明句意：每天和多于两杯咖啡的女性比那些没有改习惯的女性得心脏病的可能性要大得多。 在本题中的who都是引导定语从句，指代人，在定语从句中做主语，所以都不能省略。
5.【解析】d本题考查在实际语境中对于非限制性定语从句的应用能力。as引导定语从句，在从句中做remember的宾语，指代的是the beatles“披头士乐队”。what引导名词性从句，在句中做主语宾语或表语，that引导限制性定语从句， how引导名词性从句。
6.【解析】d本题中用where引导定语从句，先行词是a day care center，where在定语从句中做地点状语。注意then和there是副词，不能引导定语从句。while虽然是连词，但是只能用来连接状语从句。
7.【解析】d在本题中用since when引导定语从句。因为句中的谓语has witnessed是现在完成时,所以要用since when。when指代上文中的in 1946,表示“这本书是1946年写的,从那以后,教育体制发生了巨大变化”。
8.【解析】a本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，the science museum 虽然是一个地点名词，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地点状语所以不能用where,尤其注意visit是一个及物动词。
9.【解析】d本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。a项when和 b项where都是关系副词，可以予以排除，c项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选d。
10.【解析】d考查非限制性定语从句的介词＋which的用法，原句可还原成…a rare rainbow appeared above …。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向，就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。
【学法导航】根据考纲要求，考生在复习备考时要弄清定语从句的先行词与关系词的关系；关系代词、关系副词的选择和运用；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法以及强调句式和同位语从句和定语从句的区别。把握命题规律，一般定语从句的命题热点内容如下：
1.that与which的选用；that与where/when的选用；
2.“介词+which/whom”结构中介词的选用；
3.“介词+which”与when/where间的区别与联系；
4.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别；
5.“不定代词/数词+of which/whom”与“不定代词/数词+of them” 的选用；
6.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 1定语从句可以说是各地高考必然首先考虑的重要考点，在题目设计的过程中，势必会以“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句为热点，以非限制性定语从句为重点，以关系副词where引导的定语从句为难点。
7.在疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句
8. 通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句
做到了以上几点就能轻松拿到定语从句的分数。
【专题综合】1.the town _______ we visited last month is the one _______ the famous painter was born.
a.where; which b.which; where c.which; that d.where; where
2.we went to mountain tai last weekend, ________, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.
a. that b. which c. where d. when
3.we hope that the measures to control the stock market, ____ are taken by the government, will work.
a. that b. where c. which d. what
4.many factors influence a student in his/her study, ____ i think are out of a teacher’s control.
a. most of them b. most of which c. most of what d. most of that
5.— obama won the election. it’s amazing!
— yes. but the result was within ______ we had expected, ______ brought great joy to many young people and the black.
a. that; which b. that; that c. what; what d. what; which
6.he’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
a. where b. which c. while d. why
7.it was in the factory _______ his friend worked _______ he picked up a lot of experience.
a. where, where b. that, where c. that, that d. where, that
8.today the public is much concerned about the way _______ .
a.nature is being ruined b.which nature is ruined
c.on which to ruin nature d.of nature to be ruined
9.young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
a. where b. when c. that d. what
10.is it the years _______ you worked in africa as a doctor _______ have a great effect on your literary works?
a. that; where b. that; that c. when; where d. when; that
11. was it in the waiting room ______ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet?
a. / b. where c. that d. when
12 obama, _______ life was once hard when he was young, were elected president of american.
a. for whom b. who c. to whom d. /
13 _______ has been announced, our government will take more measures to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.
a that b as c it d what
14. lee yu chun was titled as the top thin beauty in ansia , _______ caused a lot of disagreements in the field of entertainment.
a. that b. which c as d it
15 there were so many attractions in disney park. after lunch we came to a place, _______ stood a big tower.
a. which b. that c. / d. where
16. a political advisor suggested giving out red pockets to the whole nation directly to encourage economics，_____i believe is of great value.
a that b. / c. which d. why
17 is this the website_______ you want to have ____ into your files to help you learn english?
a. who; to add b. that; add c. whom; adding d. that; added
18.we have heard of many cases _______ some citizens ，especially some famous people， have suffered because personal information had been leaked.
a. why b. which c. as d. where
19. tony showed me his new cell phone, _______ was small but it could change colors in different weather.
a. the screen of whom b. whom the screen of c. which the screen of d. the screen of which
20.i will never forget the day _______ i came to my university and the day ______ i spent in a new city.
a. when; which b. which; when c. what; that d. on which; when
参考答案和解析：
1.【解析】b注意在第一个空后面的定语从句里的visit是一个及物动词，所以the town在定语从句里做的是visit的宾语，所以第一个空我们可以用that, which或者省略。第二个空的先行词the one指代的还是the town,但是此时the town在定语从句里做的是地点状语，所以要用where来引导定语从句。
2.【解析】b这里从总的方面来看考查的非限制性定语从句，我们找到定语从句的先行词，根据空格后面的was crowded with visitors我们可以判断这个定语从句的先行词应该是在山上人有很多而不是指时间，所以不能用when。
3.【解析】c本题考查的非限制性定语从句，句子的主干表达的意思是我们希望控制证券市场的措施会生效。那么… are taken by the government就是个定语从句来解释stock market，证券市场在非限制性定语从句中做的是主语，所以不能用where来引导从句。
4.【解析】b这个句子尤其要注意区分a和b选项的不同，只要我们注意了标点符号就知道这并不是个并列句，所以不能选a。因为是逗号，说明后面是个非限制性定语从句，这里考查的是介词＋which的用法，原句可还原成…most of the factors …。
5.【解析】d第一个空考查的是what引导的名词性从句在句子里做的是within这个介词的宾语，第二个空是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，这里的which指代的是奥巴马当选总统这件事。
6.【解析】a句意“他使得自己处于非常危险的境况中，（在这个境况中）他可能失去对飞机的控制”，所选择的关联词应该在定语从句中作地点状语，表示in the situation。注意：where这个词不仅仅可以表地点，某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面都可以用where这个关系副词来表达。
7.【解析】d本题是把定语从句放到了强调结构里来考查，第一个空是由where引导的定语从句解释说明the factory，在定语从句里做的是地点状语。第二个空是it was ….that…强调结构。
8.【解析】a这里考查定语从句里的特殊情况就是当先行词是the way的时候，关系代词可以是that, in which或者省略。a选项就是符合第三种情况。
9.【解析】c注意在本句里的situation是先行词，在空格后的定语从句里缺少的是主语，而且指的是物，所以该空我们可以用which或者that，但是不管用什么都不能省略。
10.【解析】d该题既做到了把定语从句放到疑问句中，又做到了把定语从句放到强调结构里进行考查。第一个空是个定语从句，先行词是the year，when在定语从句里是时间状语；第二个空是it is …that…强调结构。
11.【解析】c在考查定语从句的时候利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择比较常见。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。在这个定语从句中的先行词是room, that在定语从句里做主语。
12.【解析】a这是一个非限制性定语从句，还考查到了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据句子意思需选择介词for, 从而构成be hard for obama. for的宾语是指人，这时就只能用whom。
13.【解析】b这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子we shall have our final exams next month，且位于句首，因此选择as。在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但注意as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
14.【解析】b在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which都可以用来指代前面整句所表达的内容。 as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态；如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which做主语，所以正确选项应为b。
15.【解析】d在本句中为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，对于这种情况，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。这里是非限制性定语从句解释前面的the place.
16.【解析】c在考查定语从句时会利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：i think （suppose, expect, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时我们可以先删去插入语或状语，找出句子的主干。在该句中先行词是discovery，which是在引导非限制性定语从句，在句子里做主语。
17.【解析】d非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词会增加考查定语从句的难度。对这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。本句还原后应是：you want to have the website added into your files to help you learn english.先行词是the website, 因为在定语从句里做宾语，所以可以用that, which或者省略，但是第二个空只能用added， 因为还考查到了have something done， 这里是网站被添加到收藏夹。
18.【解析】d定语从句的先行词cases在此意为“实例，情况”，根据从句的意思“在这些例子中（情境中）……”，先行词在从句中应该担当状语成分，表示in many cases，所以用where 来引导表示地点的定语从句。
19.【解析】d从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，可排除a和b。c项中关系代词应放在介词之后，如改为of which the screen或者whose screen也是可以的。
20.【解析】a在本句中两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。
定语从句 篇14
定语从句
（一） 知识概要
定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(the attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如： do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。 who 在定语从句中起主语的作用， who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如： you must do everything that i do 这里先行词是 everything， 而 that i do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。① that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如： a plane is a machine that can fly 这里先行词是 machine 而 that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如： i like the book (that) you lent me yesterday 这里先行词是 book， 关系代词用 that， 它在定语从句中作 lend (借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即： i like the book you lent me yesterday② which 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如： the book shop is a shop which sells books 这里 shop 是先行词， which 在从句中作主语。又如： the book (which) i read last night was wonderful 这里主句是 the book was wonderful 而定语从句是修饰主句的主语 book， 即我昨晚读的那本书，which 在定语从句中作 read 的宾语，可以省略。③ who， whom， whose who 在定语从句中作主语， whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：the man who visited our school yesterday is an american friend 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 who 在定语从句中作主语。又如： who's that woman (whom) you just talked to ? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而 whom 作定语从句中介词 to 的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的 whom 也常常可用 who代替。this is our classmate， mary， whose home is not far from our school 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。
1. i saw the man. he closed the door
i saw the man who (that) closed the door
2. the girl is happy she won the race
the girl who won the race is happy
3. the students are from china they sit in the front row
the students who sit in the front row are from china
(要注意的是先行词是 students 则 who 的数也应看作复数。)
4. we are studying sentences they contain adjective dause
we are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause
5. the taxi driver was friendly he took me to the airport
the taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly
6. the book was good i read it
the book that i read was good
the book i read was good
7. the people were very nice we visited them yesterday
the people we visited yesterday were very nice
8. the man called the police his wallet was stolen
the man whose wallet was stolen called the police
9. i come from a country its history goes back thousands of years
i come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years
10. i have to call the man i picked up his umbrella after the meeting
i have to call the man whose umbrella i picked up after the meeting
关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
that was the room in which we had lived for ten years 或可以写作：
that was the room which we had lived in for ten years
he was the man whom(who) you were looking for 要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短语动词也不可将 for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如： the man that we were talking about has come to our school 这时不可用 about that … 请看下面例句：
1. the meeting was interesting i went to it
the meeting that i went to was interesting
2. the man was very kind i talked to him yesterday
the man who i talked to yesterday was very kind
3. i must thank the people i got a present from him
i must thank the people who i got a present from
4. the picture was beautiful she was looking at it
the picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful
5. the man is standing over there i told you about him
the man who i told you about is standing over there
除关系代词外，还有关系副词， when， where， why， 其中 when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： i never forget the day when i first came to the great wall 而 where 则指地点，如： this is the house where the old man lives 请看下面例句：
1. the city was beautiful we spent our vacation there
the city where we spent our vacation was beautiful
2. that is the restaurant i will meet you there
that is the restaurant where i will meet you
3. the town is small i grew up there
the town where i grew up is small
4. that is the drawer i keep my newpapers there
that is the drawer where i keep my newspapers
5. monday is the day we will come then
monday is the day when we will came
6. 7∶05 is the time my plane arrives then
7∶05 is the time when my plane arrives
7. 1960 is the year the revolution took place then
1960 is the year when the revolution took place
8. july is the month the weather is usually the hottest then
july is the month when the weather is usually the hottest
在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：i was the only person in my office who was invited
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如： abraham lincoln， who led the united states through these years， was shot on april 14， 1865 at a theatre in washington d. c. 又如：galileo lived in the city of pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（二） 正误辨析
［误］ i won't tell you the name of the person who teach me english
［正］ i won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me english
［析］ 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：i who am a student want to find a spare time job这里的 who 应与 i 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。
［误］ we talked about the things and the people who we met during the second world war
［正］ we talked about the things and the people that we met during the second world war
［析］ 这里的关系代词不要用 who， 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that， 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。
［误］ the book， that i bought yesterday， was very good
［正］ the book， which i bought yesterday， was very good
［析］ 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。
［误］ the dictionary which i lent it yesterday is a very useful tool
［正］ the dictionary which i lent yesterday is a very useful tool
［析］ 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。
［误］ the teacher i want to learn english from is the one which comes from america
［正］ the teacher i want to learn english from is the one who comes from america
［析］ the one， anyone， those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。
［误］ this is the room in that the old man lives
［正］ this is the room in which the old man lives
［正］ this is the room which the old man lives in
［正］ this is the room that the old man lives in
［析］ that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： this is the room the old man lives in
［误］ i can do everything which is good for you
［正］ i can do everything that is good for you
［析］ 在先行词是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。
［误］ the only thing which the students can do is studying hard
［正］ the only thing that the students can do is studying hard
［析］ 在先行词前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。
［误］ this is the first american film which i've ever seen
［正］ this is the first american film that i've ever seen
［析］ 在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which 这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如： this is the best book that i have ever seen
［误］ he is from africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin
［正］ he is from africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin
［析］ 当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。
定语从句 篇15
英语词法专题讲座十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1. 定语从句的概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。there is nothing ______ i can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。this is the very book ______ i’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。this is the first nextbook ______ i studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。this is the most beautiful mountain ______ i have ever seen.=i have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。he told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1). 关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。this is the building in ______ he lives.2). 先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which。the clock is that _____ tells the time.3). 引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。his book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.3. 先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。1). 当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who。those ______ are singing are all my classmates.2). 在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。there is a girl ______ expects to see you.3). 当先行词是i、you、he、they等时，只能用who。he ______ plays with fire gets burned.三、定语从句（三）。 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1. 由where引导的定语从句。1). 先行词是表示地点的名词 2). 在定语从句中作地点状语is this the house ______ you lived? = is this the house _____ _____ you lived?= is this the house _____ you lived in?2. 由when引导的定语从句。1). 先行词是表示时间的名词 2). 在定语从句中作时间状语i will never forget the days ______ i met him.= i will never forget the days ____ ____ i met him.注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。when was the last time you saw the parrot?3. 由why引导的定语从句。 先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。we don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.四、注意事项：1. 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。the story _____ he told was very popular.a. who b. whom c. whose d. / 2. that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。i loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.she is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .3. 在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?a. which you bought b. that you bought it c. you bought d. you bought it 4. 定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、jim’s等），若没有，则用whose。the girl _____ parents work in beijing is kate.a. who b. whose c. which d. that i know the boy. his handwriting is very good.= i know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.五、定语从句的简化 把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1. she reveived a box which was full of presents. she reveived a box _____ _____ presents.2. he likes reading books that was written by luxun. he likes reading booking _____ ____ luxun.3. i like chinese tea which has nothing in it. i like chinese tea ______ _____ in it.4. do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress. do you know the girl ______ a red dress.
定语从句 篇16
时间： _ 年_ 10月12 星期一 北大附中河南分校王萍
learning aims:
1. knowledge aims: get students to revise the usages ofattributive clause
2. abilityaims: to improve ss’ doing exercise
learning difficult points:
students are able to use attributive clause properly indifferent activities..
教学过程：
step Ⅰ. leading-in (3分钟)
1. greet ss as usual
2. enjoy the 3-minute’s talk show and give the comment onit.
free topic
then commont it
stepⅡ.review（3-5分钟）
imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it rightaway
1. before
2 look up to尊敬，尊重
look through浏览，仔细查看
look over快速地翻阅
look on旁观
3 imagine + n. /pron
imagine sb. to be
4 shake hands with sb
shake one’shand 握手
shake sb by the hand
5 compare: at the end of
by the end of
in the end
step Ⅲ explanation grammar
定语从句的要素：
定语从句三要素（表格）。只能用who, that或which的情况。which和as的区别。the same as和the same that的区别。such/so…as…和such/so…that…的区别。“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择问题(介词短语和动词短语)。是否缺先行词。定语从句的主谓一致。
1. 定义：
在句中起定语的作用、修饰句子中的名词或代词的从句。因其功能类似形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
2. 三要素：
先行词
关系代词（who, whom,whose,
which，that, as)
关系副词（when ,where, why)
i. 关系代词（who, whom, whose,which，that, as)
1 this is the place ____ worth visiting.
a. whoare b. that are c.which is
2. ___known, the earth is round, not flat.
a. thatis b. as is c. which
3. that’s the man _____ house has burneddown.（whose）
4. that’s the man the house of _____ has burntdown. (whom)
Ⅱ. which/ that?
1. this is the book ______ i told you about.
2. she described in her compositions the people and places ____impressed her
most.
①当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时，先行词只能用that。
3. who is the girl ____drove the car?
②当主句是以who或 which开头的特殊疑问句时
4. he’s the only boy in our city ____ enters the beijinguniversity
③当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, thelast等所修饰时，关系词只能用 that。
5. the third place _____we are going to visit ishangzhou.
6. is that the best ____you can do?
④当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that
7. all ___ is needed is money andhands.
8. we heard clearly ever word _____ he said
⑤当先行词是指物的 all, one, a lot, (a) little, few,much none, anything, something, everything,nothing等词时或先行词被 all, any, no, much,little, few,
every等限定词所修饰时，关系词只能用that。
9. this is the great moment to _____ i lookforward.
10. we suggested he go to see a doctor, ____ advise habeen taken by him.
当先行词是物，且关系词位于介词后时，或引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which
Ⅲuse:“as"
1. the sun heats the earth, ______ isvery important to us.
2. he failed in the exam, _____ wasexpected.
当先行词为主句时，关系词用which或as，它们的区别在于，as含有“正如”的意思。
3. i want to buy the same pen _____ you areusing.
4. this is the same bicycle _______ i havelost.
“the same…as…”引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一类事物，即同一个款式的，或同一个牌子等。
“thesame…that…”引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一事物。
Ⅳ.关系副词（ when,where, why）
1.we visited a factory ____ makes toys for children.
（which/ that）
2.we visited a factory _____ toys are made forchildren
（where）
3.summer is the season _____ i like totravel.（when）
4. she doesn’t see _____ he would like to join them
(why)
*6. is this the school at_____tom once studied?
(which))
*7. is this school _________ tom once studied at?
(the one that)
8. this is the way _____ i want to treat you
9. i don’t like the way ____ you speak toher.
a. inwhich b. \
c.that d. all above
stepⅤ summary
summarize all the luangagepoitns
step Ⅵ assessment and exercise（5分钟）
评出优秀小组和个人以资鼓励
homework: 宏志班：定语从句汇编
英才班：《名师一号》
课后反思：
定语从句 篇17
1. chan’s restaurant on baker street, _______ used to be poorlyrun, is now a successful business. (浙江)
a.that b. which c. who d. where
2. jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody inthe office. (浙江)
a.which b.that c.this d.it
3. her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be.(湖北)
a. who b.that c.what d. which
4. anyway, that evening, _______ i’ll tell you more about later,i ended up staying at rachel’s place. (浙江)
a.when b.where c.what d. which
5. york, _______ last year, is a nice old city. (北京)
a. that i visited b. which ivisited
c. where i visited d. in which i visited
6.he paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of____hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
athese bthose cthat d which
7. i shall never those years____ i lived in the country with thefarmers,____ has a great effect on mylife.
athat/which b when/ which cwhich/that d when/ who
8. the old lady had one son and two daughters,_____ treated herwell,
____ made her very sad.
a no one of whom;as b none of whom; that
c none of whom;which d noneof them; which
9. dorothy was always speaking highly her role in the play,_____of
course made the others unhappy.
awho bwhich cthis d what
10. by serving others, a person focuse on someone other thanhimself or herself,_____ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
a who bwhich cwhat d that
11(09全国1)she brought with her three friends, none of ____ i had ever met before.
a.them b.who c. whom d.these
12(09全国2)my friend showed me round the town, ______was vey kind of him.
a. which b. that c. where d.it
13(北京)-----what do you think of teaching, bob?
-----i find it fun and challenging . it is a job ____ you are doing something
serious but interesting.
a.where b. which c.when d.that
14(09湖南)i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city _____name will create a
picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
a.which b.of which c.that d.whose
15(09湖南)gun control is a subject _____americans have argued for a long time
a.of which b.with which c.about which d.into which
16(09重庆)life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond
ourselves.a.why b.what c.that d.where
17(09山东)whenever i met her ,______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a
sweet smile. a.who b.which c.when d.that
18(09福建)it’s helplful to put children in a situation ____they can see themselves
differently. a.that b.when c.which d.where
19(09安徽)many children, ____parents are away working in big cities, are taken
good care of in the village.
a.their b.whose c.of them d.with whom
20(09天津)a person _____e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or
receive any e-mails.
a.who b.whom c.whose d.whoever